This space debris or micrometeoroid impact would have been left unnoticed if not for MP42's selfie camera. But two questions still remain unanswered:
When the impact occurred and what caused it.
As you can see from the solar panel telemetry comparison, the impact didn't affect MP42's power generation, making it hard to tell when it was struck. The first time we noticed this chickpea-sized crater was in a photo taken in mid-October 2024. And the last time MP42 took a selfie before then was in April of 2023, so the incident happened sometime during that 1.5-year timeframe.
As for what caused it, we obviously cannot exclude the possibility of an alien satellitepecker, but our best bets are on a piece of space debris or a micrometeoroid.
So, what are the odds for either of those?
According to ESA, nearly 3 million kg of man-made objects orbit within 2000 km of Earth, whereas only 200 kg of meteoroid mass is present within 2000 km of Earth's surface at any given moment.
NASA's Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), which spent nearly 6 years in LEO and was brought back down to Earth for inspection, showed that 23% of the impact craters on LDEF were of meteoritic origin, with 51% classified as space debris and 26% as unknown.
Either way, the collision highlights the need for responsible space operations in orbit. As signatories of ESA's Zero Debris Charter, we're committed to the charter's ambitious goal of achieving zero debris by 2030.
To learn more about the impact, their frequency, what we do to minimize our space debris footprint, and how satellite design can improve resilience to space debris or micrometeoroid impacts, you can read our blog in the comments below.
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